To cite an indirect source in APA in-text citations, include the author name and date where available, followed by “as cited in” and the author name and date of the secondary source you are using.
Parenthetical: (Weber, 2010, as cited in Baqqa, 2016)
Narrative: Weber (2010, as cited in Baqqa, 2016) claims that …
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Continue reading: How do I cite an indirect source in APA Style? (“as cited in”)
In APA Style, if you use multiple sources from the same author that have different publication years, the different publication years are sufficient to distinguish the citations.
To cite multiple sources with the same publication year in an APA in-text citation, include the author name and date as usual, and add a lowercase letter to the end of the publication year (Perkins, 2004a; Perkins, 2004b).
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Page numbers are only necessary in APA in-text citations when material is directly quoted. Include the page number after the publication date (Author, date, p. 1).
To cite a page range, include “pp.” and use an en dash (Author, date, pp. 1–10).
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In APA in-text citations, sources without a known author should be cited using the source title or organization name (Quillbot, 2024).
Sources without a publication date can use “n.d.” in lieu of the date (Yintl, n.d.).
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To cite a text in an APA parenthetical citation, list the author’s last name and the publication year, separated by commas. If you use a direct quotation, also include a page number.
Example: (Smith, 2014) or (Smith, 2014, p. 67)
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An APA parenthetical citation includes the author’s name, publication date, and page number(s) within parentheses. In APA Style, a narrative citation has the author’s name in the sentence and the date of publication in parentheses.
Example: In As I Lay Dying, Faulker illustrates the effects of death on the living (1930).
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A parenthetical citation is an in-text citation within a set of parentheses. It includes source information like the name of the author, publication date, and page number(s). It will usually come at the end of a sentence before the punctuation mark.
Parenthetical citations vary depending on the citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).
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A quote is a direct copy of another person’s words and must be enclosed in quotation marks.
Paraphrasing is a summary or rephrasing of another person’s words without using the exact language.
Both quoted and paraphrased material must be accompanied by a citation to avoid plagiarism.
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The information contained in a citation depends on the style guide you are following.
- APA in-text citations, for example, include the author’s last name and the publication year, separated by a comma (e.g., Turing, 1947).
- MLA in-text citations include the author’s last name and the page number (e.g., Dahl 167).
- Chicago citations include the author’s last name and the publication year, as well as the page number (e.g., Dahl 1961, 167).
Essentially, in-text citations must contain the necessary information for a reader to be able to identify the complete citation in your reference list.
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Quotes are a valuable tool for enhancing your argument and adding additional support for your claims. However, it is important to avoid overusing quotes, as this can cause your own voice to be lost.
When you use quotes in academic writing, accompany them with analysis and explanation, and do not include quotes for information that you can present in your own words.
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