The indicative mood is used to state facts or opinions and to ask questions (e.g., “Stella is an engineer,” “That is the cutest dog I’ve ever seen,” “Will you go with me?”). It is the most common grammatical mood in English and can be used with every verb tense.
Continue reading: Which mood is used to state facts or opinions?
Both the simple past and the present perfect are verb tenses that are used to refer to past actions, but there are some differences in their use:
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Continue reading: What is the difference between the present perfect and the simple past?
The present perfect and the present perfect continuous (present perfect progressive) are both verb tenses that are used to refer to the current effects of a past action or event. There are some differences between the two tenses, though:
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Continue reading: What is the difference between the present perfect and the present perfect continuous?
The present progressive tense (also known as the present continuous) is used to describe an action that is currently happening (e.g., “He is working now”) or plans or intentions (e.g., “I am starting a new job next week”).
The present progressive differs from the simple present, which is used to describe a general truth (e.g., “Birds fly south for winter”), a habit (e.g., “Monica teaches on Thursdays”), or a fixed state (e.g., “He looks like his dad”).
Continue reading: When do we use the present progressive?
The verb form that ends in “-ing” is known as the present participle. Present participles are used in progressive verb tenses (e.g., “I am studying,” “she had been eating”) and as adjectives (e.g., “a tiring hike”).
The “-ing” form of a verb is also used in gerunds, but gerunds operate as nouns (e.g., “Skiing is dangerous”).
Continue reading: What is the “-ing” form of a verb?
Rode is the simple past form of the verb ride. It is sometimes used incorrectly as the past participle, but this is always a mistake in formal English writing (the correct past participle is “ridden”).
The simple past describes an action that has taken place in the past (e.g., “He rode past the White House on his way to work”).
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Continue reading: What is the simple past of ride?
Ridden is the past participle of the verb ride. “Ride” is an irregular verb, so its simple past form (“rode”) is different from its past participle.
The past participle is used for perfect tenses (e.g., “The winning team had ridden the course in record time”) and for the passive voice (e.g., “The messenger’s horse had been ridden hard”).
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Continue reading: What is the past participle of ride?
Grammatical moods refer to how verbs are used to indicate the intention of a sentence or the speaker’s attitude toward what they are saying.
English has three grammatical moods:
Continue reading: What is a grammatical mood?
The subjunctive mood is used to describe unreal or hypothetical situations and to express desires, wishes, suggestions, obligations, and requests or demands.
Some examples of sentences that use the subjunctive mood include:
“Khadija suggests that I donate money.” [request]
“It is crucial that he understand the consequences.” [obligation]
“We insist that there be enough food for everyone.” [demand]
Continue reading: What is the subjunctive used for?
The subjunctive mood is used to express desires, wishes, suggestions, obligations, and demands or requests (e.g., “We ask that you turn off your cell phone”).
The indicative mood is used to make statements, ask questions, or describe conditions (e.g., “Piet seems nice”).
Continue reading: What is the difference between the subjunctive and indicative moods?
