Animals That Start with F | List & Examples

Published on November 26, 2024 by Julia Merkus, MA.

English has a lot of animals that start with “F.” This article contains a list of animal names that start or end with “F.”

Example: Animals that start with F in a sentence
The fox watched from the bushes as a falcon soared above, while a frog hopped along the edge of the pond.

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Animals That Start with E | List & Examples

Published on November 26, 2024 by Julia Merkus, MA.

English has a few animals that start with “E.” This article contains a list of animal names that start or end with “E.”

Example: Animals that start with E in a sentence
The eagle soared high above the river, scanning for prey, while an eel swam swiftly below, and an eland grazed peacefully on the riverbank.

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Animals That Start with C | List & Examples

Published on November 26, 2024 by Julia Merkus, MA.

There are many animals that start with “C.” This article contains a list of animal names that start or end with “C.”

Example: Animals that start with C in a sentence
The cat lounged on the sunny porch, while a crow cawed from a tree, and a cheerful chipmunk scurried through the garden.

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Animals That Start with B | List & Examples

Published on November 26, 2024 by Julia Merkus, MA.

There are many animals that start with “B.” This article contains a list of animal names that start or end with “B.”

Example: Animals that start with B in a sentence
While the bear foraged for berries in the forest, the beaver constructed its dam in the nearby river, and a bison wandered through the meadow.

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Animals That Start with D | List & Examples

Published on November 26, 2024 by Julia Merkus, MA.

There are many animals that start with “D.” This article contains a list of animal names that start or end with “D.”

Example: Animals that start with D in a sentence
The deer wandered through the forest while a dove flew overhead, and a dingo prowled nearby, keeping an eye on its surroundings.

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Animals That Start with A | List & Examples

Published on November 25, 2024 by Julia Merkus, MA.

There are many animals that start with “A.” This article contains an extensive list of animal names that start or end with “A.”

Example: Animals that start with A in a sentence
During my trip to the wildlife park, I was amazed to see an aardvark digging for ants, an alpaca grazing peacefully in a field, and an antelope gracefully leaping across the savanna exhibit.

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What Is Dogfooding? | Meaning & Examples

Published on November 6, 2024 by Julia Merkus, MA.

Dogfooding refers to a practice where a company tests and evaluates its own products or product updates in real-life settings to collect feedback from its employees before public release. It comes from the phrase eating your own dog food.

Dogfooding can help businesses ensure the quality, usability, or reliability of their products and is a common practice in the tech industry. Dogfooding has two variants that are often combined:

  • Many companies use dogfooding before a product reaches its customers. This allows businesses to collect user experiences and identify bugs without harming their reputation. They process the feedback from the research process before the official release to actual customers.
  • Most companies also promote the internal use of their own software products after their release in order to collect more feedback on real-life issues other users might also face.
Dogfooding example
Meta, Microsoft, and Google are examples of companies that use dogfooding during the development of new products or product updates. For example, Microsoft offers “Outlook Dogfood,” which helps them test the newest versions of Outlook before they release it to the public.

QuillBot also uses dogfooding to continuously improve tools such as the Grammar Checker, Paraphrasing Tool, or AI Detector.

It’s essential to recruit employees with characteristics that mimic those of your end users to participate in dogfooding.

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What Is Predictive Validity? | Definition & Examples

Published on July 25, 2024 by Julia Merkus, MA. Revised on November 21, 2024.

Predictive validity refers to the extent to which a measure or test accurately predicts future behavior, performance, or outcomes. It is considered a subtype of criterion validity and is often used in the fields of education, psychology, and employee recruitment.

Predictive validity example
A study finds that a standardized test score (e.g., SAT or ACT) is a strong predictor of a student’s first-year GPA in college. In this case, the predictive validity of the test score is high because it accurately predicts the student’s future academic performance.

By ensuring high predictive validity, researchers and practitioners can make more informed decisions and develop more effective interventions.

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What Is External Validity? | Definition, Threats & Example

Published on July 24, 2024 by Julia Merkus, MA. Revised on November 11, 2024.

External validity refers to the extent to which the findings of a study can be generalized to other populations, settings, and contexts beyond the specific one in which the study was conducted. In other words, it’s about whether the results can be applied to other people, places, and situations.

External validity example
A researcher creates an experimental design to investigate the influence of alcohol consumption on sleep. They use systematic sampling to draw a sample of 100 law students from a local university who drink regularly.

They’re invited to attend a get-together where their alcohol consumption is moderated. They’re monitored while they sleep at the university’s laboratory to control for confounding variables and to reduce the risk of bias. At the end, they fill out a survey with multiple-choice questions about their quality of sleep. The results show that increased alcohol consumption correlates with a lower quality of sleep.

The external validity of this study is low because:

  • The study was conducted in an artificial environment (laboratory), which makes it difficult to generalize results to different settings.
  • The sample consisted of law students only, which makes it difficult to generalize the results to different groups.
  • The sample only included people who drink regularly, which makes the sample unrepresentative of the population (sampling bias).

External validity is important because researchers want to apply the results from their experimental designs (often conducted in laboratories or artificial environments) to the real world.

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What Is Content Validity? | Definition & Examples

Published on July 24, 2024 by Julia Merkus, MA. Revised on October 8, 2024.

Content validity refers to the extent to which a test or instrument accurately represents all aspects of the theoretical concept it aims to measure. This concept, also known as a construct, often cannot be measured directly.

Content validity is critical for making informed decisions and drawing accurate conclusions based on the research data.

Content validity example
A psychology professor creates a test to measure students’ knowledge of primary sources. The test consists of 10 multiple-choice questions, and one of the questions is: “What is the difference between primary and secondary sources?”

This question contributes to the test’s high content validity because it directly addresses the construct of knowledge about primary sources, specifically the difference between primary sources and other types of information.

In contrast, if the test included a question like “What is the capital of England?” (which has nothing to do with primary sources), that would be an example of poor content validity because it isn’t relevant to the construct being measured.

The test as a whole has high content validity if:

  • The test’s questions cover every topic relevant to primary sources.
  • The test doesn’t contain questions that are irrelevant to knowledge of primary sources.

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