What is the difference between convergent and concurrent validity?

Convergent and concurrent validity both indicate how well a test score and another variable compare to one another.

However, convergent validity indicates how well one measure corresponds to other measures of the same or similar constructs. These measures do not have to be obtained at the same time.

Concurrent validity instead assesses how well a measure aligns with a benchmark or “gold-standard,” which can be a ground truth or another validated measure. Both measurements should be taken at the same time.