Some rhetorical devices related to anaphora are epistrophe, symploce, and anadiplosis. These devices all involve repetition in various forms, which can add emphasis, rhythm, and emotional impact in speech or writing.
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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s oft-quoted “I Have a Dream” speech employs anaphora extensively. The repetition of the phrase “go back” in the following lines are an example of that:
“Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed.”
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Ourselves is always one word, and it can play two roles in sentences.
As a reflexive pronoun, “ourselves” can be a direct object, an indirect object, or an object of a preposition when the subject is “we” or another noun with “I” (e.g., “We should buy ourselves a new sofa”).
As an intensive pronoun, “ourselves” emphasizes a plural, first-person pronoun or noun (e.g., “We will save money if we paint the bedroom ourselves”).
A QuillBot Grammar Check can help you use “ourselves” and other reflexive or intensive pronouns correctly in your writing.
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Figures of repetition are a subset of rhetorical figures that involve the repetition of words, phrases, sounds, or structures to create emphasis, rhythm, or emotional effect. They are part of the broader category of rhetorical devices used in writing and speech. Examples include assonance, anadiplosis, and epistrophe.
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Epistrophe is the opposite of anaphora. While epistrophe is the repetition of words at the end of a series of phrases or sentences, anaphora is the repetition of words at the beginning. Both are figures of repetition but they differ primarily in their placement within sentences or phrases.
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In the following lines from the Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare employs epistrophe through the repeated phrase “the ring” at the end of four successive clauses:
“If you had known the virtue of the ring,
Or half her worthiness that gave the ring,
Or your own honor to contain the ring,
You would not then have parted with the ring.”
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A metaphor is a figure of speech (or rhetorical device) in which one thing or person is said to be something or someone else. It is a nonliteral (figurative) statement. You can write a metaphor by describing something as something else.
For example, in the sentence “My dog is a demon,” the dog is not literally a demon; rather, the metaphor is used to emphasize the dog’s mischievousness or bad behavior.
Metaphor differs from simile, in which the thing or person is not directly said to be something or someone else. Instead, a simile compares the two things/people using comparison words such as “as,” “than,” or “like” (e.g., “my dog behaves like a demon”).
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Periphrastic refers to an indirect style of speaking or writing that employs periphrasis and uses a large number of words. In grammar, it specifically refers to forming grammatical structures using helper words rather than changing the main word’s form. For example, “I did walk” instead of “I walked.”
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An example of periphrasis in grammar is forming the comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives by using “more + adjective” or “most + adjective,” instead of adding suffixes (like “-er” or “-est”).
For example, “more quick” instead of “quicker” or “most strong” instead of “strongest.”
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An example of periphrasis is the phrase “The bright celestial body that gives light to the Earth” instead of “the sun.” This example of periphrasis provides a more detailed and poetic description than simply saying “the sun.”
QuillBot’s free Paraphraser can help you rewrite sentences to reflect your meaning.
Continue reading: What is an example of periphrasis?