To say “they” in Spanish, use “ellos” for all-male or mixed-gender groups and “ellas” for all-female groups.
Spanish subject pronouns must agree with the gender of the nouns they replace. Any adjectives used to describe these pronouns must also agree in gender.
For example: “Ellos están cansados” [“They are tired”].
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To say “she” in Spanish, use the pronoun “ella.”
For example: “Ella es la estrella de la película” [“She is the star of the film”].
This is one of the third-person singular subject pronouns in Spanish; the other is “él,” or “he.”
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To say “he” in Spanish, use the pronoun “él.”
Make sure to include the accent mark on the “e.” “El” (without the accent) is the determiner “the” for masculine nouns.
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To say “you” in Spanish, there are a few options. The one to use depends on if the subject is singular or plural and if you’re speaking formally or not.
| Pronoun | Singular or plural | Informal or formal | Regional usage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tú | Singular | Informal | All |
| Vos | Singular | Informal | Parts of Latin America |
| Usted | Singular | Formal | All |
| Vosotros | Plural | Informal | Spain |
| Ustedes | Plural | Both | Spain (formal)
Latin America (informal) |
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To say “we” in Spanish, use the pronoun “nosotros.” This is one of the subject pronouns in Spanish, which replace nouns working as subjects.
Spanish is a gendered language. “Nosotros” is for all-male or mixed-gender groups, and “nosotras” is for all-female groups.
For example:
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In Spanish, a direct object is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of a verb. It usually explains “what?” or “whom?”
An indirect object is indirectly affected by the action, often as a recipient. It usually explains “to whom?” or “for whom?”
Take the sentence “Damos un regalo a Juan” [“We give a gift to Juan”]. What do we give? A gift. To whom do we give it? To Juan.
Indirect object pronouns differ from direct object pronouns in Spanish in the third person forms; instead of “lo/la” and “los,” use “le” and “les.
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Direct object pronouns receive the action of the verb. Indirect object pronouns replace nouns indirectly affected by the verb.
Indirect object pronouns differ slightly from direct object pronouns in Spanish.
| Direct object pronouns | Indirect object pronouns |
|---|---|
| Me [me] | Me [to/for me] |
| Te [you] | Te [to/for you] |
| Lo, la [him, her, it, you formal] | Le [to/for him, her, you formal] |
| Nos [we] | Nos [to/for us] |
| Os [you all informal] | Os [to/for you all informal] |
| Los, las [them, you all formal] | Les [to/for them, you all formal] |
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A direct object in Spanish is the same as a direct object in English: a noun or pronoun that receives the action of a verb.
For example, take the sentence “Raquel escribe una carta,” or “Raquel writes a letter.” “Carta” is the direct object because it receives the action of “escribe” from Raquel.
Like in English, the direct object pronouns in Spanish are different from the subject pronouns. They are “me,” “te,” “lo,” “la,” “nos,” “os,” “los,” and “las.”
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“Hacer” [“to make” or “to do”] in the future tense in Spanish is an irregular verb. The infinitive undergoes a stem change:
In Spanish, subject pronouns are optional. For example, both “nosotros haremos” and “haremos” mean “we will do/make.”
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“Tener” [“to have”] in the future tense in Spanish is irregular; change the “e” in the infinitive to a “d” in the future tense:
Personal pronouns are optional in Spanish. For example, both “vosotros tendréis” and “tendréis” mean “you will have.”
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