It can be by or bye.
Spell it “bye” if you mean “goodbye.”
Spell it by if you are using it as a preposition (e.g., “… written by Shakespeare,” “A town by the sea,” “… painted by hand”).
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It can be affected by or effected by.
It is typically affected by, meaning “influenced by” (e.g., “The harvest was badly affected by the poor weather conditions”).
However, it can be “effected by” if you mean “initiated by,” “implemented by,” or “caused by” (e.g., “This was one of the positive changes effected by the organization”). The word effect is not commonly used as a verb like this in everyday language.
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It can be led by or lead by.
It is led by in passive sentences where it means “managed by” (e.g., “This project was led by Helen, our head of Marketing”).
It is lead by in the phrase “lead by example” (when used in the present tense), which means setting an example for the people you are managing by behaving the way you would like them to behave, (e.g., “If you want your team to be honest with you, you need to lead by example by being honest with them”).
QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker will help you to avoid mistakes with tricky irregular verbs like “lead.”
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It is in regard to, not in regards to (e.g., “I am writing in regard to your recent inquiry about our products”).
“In regard to” means “concerning” and is used interchangeably with “in regards to.” However, “in regard to” is the standard form that you will find in dictionaries, so it is best to say and write “in regard to” in formal contexts. The word to is a preposition in this phrase.
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It is referring to, not referring too. For example:
- “When he said ‘the Big A,’ I think he was referring to New York.”
- “Referring back to your earlier question, this is a good example of the problems I highlighted.”
“Referring” is a form of the verb “refer” and the word to is a preposition.
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The phrase is I would love to or “I’d love to” (not “I would love too” or “I’d love too”) when you’re accepting an offer. For example:
- Person A: We’re going to the lake tomorrow. Why don’t you come too?
- Person B: Yes, I would love to.
Here, the word to is part of the full infinitive, but the verb does not need to be repeated (i.e., it’s short for “I would love to come”).
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Yes, a subordinate clause is a dependent clause. “Subordinate clause” and “dependent clause” have the same meaning—a group of words that has a subject and a verb but cannot stand alone as a complete sentence.
A subordinate clause is not a complete idea because it begins with a subordinating conjunction (e.g., “when”) or a relative pronoun (e.g., “which”). It needs to be combined with a main clause in a complex sentence (e.g., “After we ate dinner, we watched a show”).
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A complex sentence contains a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses (aka dependent clauses). The main clause is an independent clause that could be its own simple sentence because it expresses a complete idea and has a subject and a verb.
For example, each of these complex sentences has a main clause in bold.
- If they make another Spider-Man movie, we have to go see it when it’s at the cinema.
- The meeting ended abruptly because the Wi-Fi was down.
When you’re writing with complex sentences, QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker can help you avoid errors.
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It is without, not with out.
“Without” typically functions as a preposition and is spelled as one word (e.g., “Do you want your burger with or without ketchup?”).
QuillBot’s free Grammar Checker will help you to correct errors in your writing—like writing “without” as two words instead of one.
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With is capitalized in a title if you are following APA Style because it is a preposition with four letters or more. With is not capitalized in a title if you are following MLA Style, where all prepositions are lowercase.
If you are using a style guide, check its rules for the capitalization of titles. If you are not following a style guide, then you can choose if you want to capitalize “with” in your titles, but it is important to be consistent.
Consult your style guide to see if you should write headings and subheadings in title case or sentence case.
If you are writing your own book, the QuillBot AI book title generator can help you create polished, correctly capitalized, and attention-grabbing titles for your project.
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