What is the difference between an aphorism and an adage?

The words aphorism and adage are often used interchangeably, but there is a subtle difference between them:

An aphorism is a thought-provoking statement that encapsulates complex truths in a brief, memorable form. It is often attributed to a specific individual (e.g., “To thine own self be true” from Hamlet).

An adage, on the other hand, is a traditional and well-known saying that expresses a general truth (e.g., “Better late than never”).

In short, an aphorism is intended to make us think, while an adage expresses common sense. However, in everyday usage, the distinction between the two is not always clear.